GOLDEN MUSSEL FAQs
Has the Golden Mussel been found in Pine Mountain Lake?
No, there have been no sightings of the Golden Mussel in Pine Mountain Lake.
How do we know if a golden mussel has entered our lake?
Our Lake Specialist, Dr. Stephen McCord, continues to monitor the lake throughout the year to ensure that our lake continues to be free of aquatic invasive species.
Are non-motorized watercraft allowed?
Yes, paddleboards, small canoes without motors, and kayaks are currently
permitted unless conditions change. Inspection is required. Please call the
Marina Store for more information at 1 (209) 962-8631.
Is the PML Marina boat launch open?
Yes, the boat launch is open and can be used by reservation only. Please call
the Marina Store to make a reservation to launch at 1 (209) 962-8631.
Do I need to have my PML watercraft registration sticker prior to launch?
Yes, you must have the 2025 PML watercraft registration sticker to launch. The Marina Store is processing PML registration requests at this time.
If you don’t have your registration sticker, please use the online process à https://www.pinemountainlake.com/boat-registration-form/
Is the Marina staff certified to inspect boats?
Yes, the Marina staff is certified by the California Department of Fish & Wildlife to inspect boats.
How long does a full watercraft inspection take?
Anywhere from 30 to 45 minutes, depending on the boat type.
Do I really need to unplug the drain plug before the inspection?
Yes. However, please be aware you are responsible for replacing the drain plug before launching your watercraft. Please do not forget.
Is PML providing decontamination services?
No, PML is not providing decontamination services. Each property owner is responsible for cleaning, draining, and drying their own boat.
What do you mean by CLEAN. DRAIN. DRY.?
Clean off visible aquatic plants, animals, and mud from the boat and all equipment.
Drain watercraft bilge, livewell, motor and other water containing devices.
Dry everything for a least five days OR wipe with a towel before reuse.
Dispose of unwanted bait, worms, and fish parts in trash.
How are you tracking inspection data?
The Regional WID (Watercraft Inspection Database) app is a centralized system
designed to capture your CF number and trailer license plate number, allowing
authorized personnel to look up your vessel’s information. Note that no
personal information will be shared through this system.
Do any other lakes use the WID app?
Yes. If a nearby lake or reservoir is using the same platform, your vessel’s banding information will be accessible, which means that if your vessel has been issued a 30-day quarantine band, it is likely that the banding will be honored at other participating locations, as long as it is recorded in the system.
How does the watercraft inspection seal system work?
The vessel will need to arrive at the Marina inspection site cleaned, drained,
and dry. Please ensure this is done prior to arrival. Once a vessel is
inspected, it will receive a green or red seal. The seal is placed through the
hull and connects to the trailer.
What do the different color seals mean?
There will be two types of seals used:
Green seal: indicates the boat has passed inspection. The benefit of the green band is that it provides faster re-entry to PML lake.
Red seal: indicates the boat has not passed inspection and needs to be quarantined.
Do the property owners have to pay for each seal?
No, there is no expense passed on to the property owner for this process at
this time.
Can I launch my vessel at another location during the
quarantine period?
No. The vessel must remain quarantined and cannot launch in any other water
bodies during the quarantine period unless it undergoes a decontamination
procedure and receives clearance.
What about the other beaches? Who will inspect non-motorized vessels?
During the season, each PML beach (e.g., Marina, Dunn Ct, and Lake Lodge) will have an inspector dedicated to inspecting non-motorized vessels. No appointment needed. You just walk up to the inspector, who will be wearing a bright yellow vest, and they will assist you.
What should I do if my vessel is found to be containing
an invasive species?
If invasive species are found during the inspection, the vessel owner will
be given instructions on how to proceed with the decontamination process. You
will also need to report the finding to California Department of Fish &
Wildlife ( go here for details https://wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Invasives/Species/Golden-Mussel
of how to report.
For more information, please contact the Recreation Manager at 1 (209) 962-8604.
Recreation Update
Stars, Stripes & Sparkle: A Picture-Perfect Independence Day at Pine Mountain Lake!
Melody Wisdom- Recreation and Seasonal Operations Manager
Red, white, blue, and just the right amount of sparkle! What an unforgettable Independence Day weekend at Pine Mountain Lake! With sunshine above, laughter all around, and smiles as wide as the lake itself, we couldn’t have asked for a more perfect celebration. Thank you to everyone who joined in to make it such a fun, festive, and safe holiday!
The weather was absolutely spectacular, clear skies, warm breezes, and just the right hint of summer magic. It was the kind of day that makes you pause and say, “This is what memories are made of.” Families played on the beach, friends floated in the lake, and joy echoed from dock to dock.
A very special shoutout to our star-spangled guest, Uncle Sam himself, better known to locals as “Stilts”, who towered above the crowd and brought big smiles to little faces. Whether you caught him strutting along the marina or posing for selfies, he was a highlight of the day and a patriotic hit with the crowd!
Of course, no Fourth of July at PML would be complete without the Friends of the Lake Annual Boat Parade, and this year’s lineup did not disappoint! Our creative members once again raised the bar, delivering floats full of imagination, color, and flair.
Congratulations to our 2025 Parade Champions:
Electric boats: Siri Lackovic and the Under the Sea posse
Gas pontoons: the yellow submarine by Lisa Artacho and friends
Ski boats: Tony Moore and crew’s epic rendition of the Titanic, complete with iceberg—and yes, Rose and Jack on the door! Paul Kuhn’s crew wowed with their stunning Under the Sea creation.
From bubbles and sea creatures to classic movie tributes, the creativity was off the charts, and we loved every minute of it. Thank you to all the brilliant boaters who brought your A-game and big hearts to the lake!
As darkness gently fell over the lake, all eyes turned to the sky for the breathtaking grand finale—our spectacular fireworks show.
With each crackle, boom, and glittering burst, it was impossible not to feel that familiar childhood awe. There’s something timeless about fireworks over the lake, it brings us together in the best way.
And let’s not forget the true heroes of our holiday cravings—the Lakeside Café! From tasty bites to frosty delights, they kept everyone fueled and refreshed throughout the day. Whether you grabbed a frozen coffee, a fruity slushie, or a classic soft-serve cone, it was the perfect way to cool off before the evening’s festivities lit up the sky!
To everyone who came out, pitched in, dressed up, danced, floated, cheered, or just smiled and waved, thank you. This was a Fourth of July to remember, and we couldn’t have done it without all of you.
Here’s to more memories, more laughter, and many more summer celebrations to come at Pine Mountain Lake!
MEET RETURNING BOARD MEMBER MIKE GUSTAFSON
“PROTECTING THE FUTURE OF PML”
I ’ve been asked to serve on the PML board again and am happy to do so because I believe it’s important to have thoughtful, rational, unbiased, non-radical representatives who will work productively with PML staff. When I previously served on the Board, I gained valuable experience about what works and what doesn’t, the laws around Homeowners’ Associations, the budget process, and PML’s challenges and priorities. I believe that I can make a positive contribution to our great community and ensure sound, responsible management.
PML is a beautiful place with several different constituencies – full time residents, part-time vacationers, and rental property owners. It’s important that the Board balance everyone’s needs and interests. We must maintain and improve our aging amenities; after all, that’s why we all bought here. Allowing amenities to deteriorate will reduce our home values.
During my time on the Board, we have addressed many important issues – all designed to enhance homeowner experiences and improve property values:
• conducted extensive fire abatement
• built the new marina and café building
• remodeled golf locker rooms and transitioned to electric carts
• introduced pickleball
• initiated homeowner surveys and developed a strategic plan
• created a “rental compliance” position and STR policies to help rentals succeed
• established a reserve fund to avoid special assessments
• managed finances carefully and controlled costs I’ve been a homeowner since 1991, and a full-time resident since 2003. Virginia and I began as weekenders and happily retired here.
I am also a pilot and a flight instructor, and I love spending summer afternoons on the lake.
We also volunteer at Tenaya Elementary School, the Groveland Library, PML’s annual Boat Parade, Community Airport Day and Camp Tuolumne Trails.
My professional career was in engineering management in Silicon Valley. As an engineer, I have a very practical and logical mind; I form opinions based on facts, not emotions or politics. I like working with people and am a good communicator. Most importantly, my only agenda is good management and creating a great experience for all homeowners.
I believe it’s important that our board members be “a force for good” in our community, not disruptive or disrespectful. We deserve intelligent, dedicated, well-organized, and non- political directors for PML’s future.
I look forward to serving our community on the PML Board. You can always reach me at mlgpilot@yahoo.com with any questions or comments.
Meet New Board Member Dania (Dani) Schaffer
“Skilled Leadership for PML”
I feel lucky live in PML. The wonderful people, beautiful mountains, breathtaking scenery, and the sense of tranquility it all brings make me glad I chose to move here.
I spent
the first 27 years of my professional life as a federal civil service employee
in administrative and managerial positions throughout California. Switching
from the Federal to County government in 2000, I spent the next 18 years as a
Senior Analyst in the Santa Clara County Health and Hospital System, directing
and managing County-wide patient-focused projects. I retired in 2018 and
happily moved to PML in 2019.
I am a U.S. Army veteran and former Coast Guard reservist. I hold both an undergraduate and graduate degree in public administration. This training was instrumental in my development of public policy initiatives and budgeting strategies to support long-term County planning objectives. I currently serve our community through volunteer work with Southside Community Connections and the Humane Society in Jamestown.
Currently, I chair the PML Environmental Control Committee (ECC) which oversees PML Rules, Guidelines and Construction Standards. Last year, I was also a member of the Short-Term Rental (STR) Committee, which developed our current STR policies. At present, I am a board member of the PML Lady Niners and a regular member of the PML Residents Club. Previously, I served as a board member of the Santa Clara County Employee Managers Association.
Participation on these boards and committees has helped me develop a deep understanding of our community and the issues we face on both a short- and long-term basis. I am well-qualified and ready to serve you on the PML Board.
Here is my pledge to PML members:
Represent the interests of our whole community.
Make fact-based, data-driven decisions.
Promote open communications.
Manage PML funds and resources for near and long-term sustainability.
Strategically plan for future success.
Continually encourage investment in our community.
Maintain and improve our amenities.
Most importantly, I am dedicated to keeping PML the wonderful place it is to live, play, and invest. I look forward to serving you on the board. I can be reached at daniaschaffer@sbcglobal.net with any questions or comments.
Maintenance Matters
RICK LAFFRANCHI – MAINTENANCE AND OPERATIONS MANAGER
“The month of August had turned into a griddle where the days just lay there and sizzled.” - Evelyn Waugh
August is upon us; the days are hot the lake is cool and we have one more month to celebrate summer. As with every month the Buildings and Grounds crew have their work cut out for them. The large landscaping project at the stables will come to an end this month in addition the Fire Hardening of the lower barn is complete with new paint and stall panels included. The technicians will continue with gate updates, preventative and predictive work orders and requested work orders along with the emergency repairs that inevitably pop up. In addition to this load of work we will be undertaking a lighting project to improve safety at the administration building. This month is going to be a test of work and man power but this group is up for it.
The Facilities crew as always is incredibly busy performing asphalt Curb work throughout the association, this work helps to divert water correctly from the road, while protecting the road edge from the inevitable erosion. This work is taking place outside of areas were PMP work (Asphalt repair) will take place. Also on tap for the roads crew is crack sealing many of our roads develop cracks due to the constant expansion and contraction, crack sealing allows us additional time before a repave becomes necessary. Lake clearing to include lily’s, grass and the occasional escaped float toy continues, remember as the water level in our lake drops obstacles and obstruction may be exposed, so if you see something make sure to report it so it can be dealt with accordingly. This year is flying by and there is still so much to do, so back to work for us, and to all of you we hope for a wonderful August.
Rick Laffranchi
Maintenance and Operations Manager
FROM THE PML SAFETY & SECURITY COMMITTEE
BOB ASQUITH
The Pine Mountain Lake Safety and Security Committee is a standing committee authorized by the PMLA Board of Directors to inform its decision making and promote its mission. The Committee meets every month.
JOIN OUR COMMITTEE MEETING: MEMBERS MAY
ATTEND OUR COMMITTEE MEETINGS.
OUR NEXT MEETING IS AUGUST 13TH AT 9AM VIA ZOOM. PLEASE EMAIL
SAFETYCOMM@PINEMOUNTAINLAKE.COM TO OBTAIN YOUR INVITATION.
Wildfire Season IS HERE. Stay alert by keeping phones and
cell phones on and be listening for alerts from Tuol County Sheriff.
Look at the WatchDuty app for smartphones. It shows fire activity nearby.
Sign up for alerts (See below). Include family/friend OFF THE HILL.
We are sponsoring Wildfire Preparedness Workshops August 23 at Lake Lodge in the morning. Join us and Groveland Fire Dept, Sheriff Dept, Office of Emergency Services, Animal Control, Red Cross to learn more.
We will hold a morning First Aid/AED/CPR class at Lake Lodge
on October 11.
We are planning another class in mid-summer. Watch Social Media.
CERT will hold its FEMA provided Basic Training Nov 14-16 in
Groveland.
CERT will be training with CHP for Traffic Management in July.
We are developing a path for Firewise Communities to also be Neighborhood Watch Neighborhoods. Details coming.
We want your opinions. Please Email them to us:
· House numbering – Fire Dept recommendations
· Speeding
· Roadway and Intersection markings – Speed limits and Evacuation routes
· Text messaging – Admin is working on texting. Stay tuned (push technology)
· Power Outages – What should you do? Where should you look for help?
· Emergency Communications – See February PML News
· Updates to PML Safety and Emergency documentation
Emergency Communications – Did you receive
the Tuolumne County Emergency Alert test on May 13th at 11am? If NOT, sign up
for these emergency alerts at: https://www.tuolumnecounty.ca.gov/1170/Emergency-Alerts
Who should receive these alerts? Your Land Line, ALL family members cell
phones, including Someone Off-The-Hill.
Emergency
Evacuation—These maps are approved and ready to use. Maps show
the routes out of PML and the major evacuation routes away from Groveland. Additional
emergency information can be found at
https://www.pinemountainlake.com/emergency-information-and-resources/
Evac
Maps are on the PMLA website. Download & print your copy.
https://www.pinemountainlake.com/.../PML-Evacuation-Maps.pdf
Please email comments to: SafetyComm@pinemountainlake.com
Fire Safety
Joe Milani – Fire Safety Coordinator
August is typically a very active month for wildfires due to drying fuels, warm summer winds, and high temperatures. Many of us have prepared our properties in the event of a wildfire, and have worked to create a defensible space necessary to help combat wildfire. No matter how prepared we are, thousands of wildfires strike California every year. As Smokey says; only you can prevent forest fires!
Some Pine Mountain Lake residents often find themselves wondering “what am I going to do with all my pine needles?” Every year PMLA member lots generate a significant amount of debris including but not limited to; leaves, needles, pine cones, yard clippings, branches, and other dead vegetation. Many of you know about and are familiar with the compost site, but a surprising number of members don’t know about this resource. Below you will find the information you need to start taking advantage of our green waste site today!
LOCATION:
Use PML Campground turnout – 13500 Rocky Point Drive – follow the
signs
ENTRANCE
REQUIREMENTS:
* Verifiable PML ID or
PML Clicker
Valid ID = gate card,
day pass, Fire safety vendor list, PML auto sticker
(Vendors need Unit/Lot
of job and owner name)
DAYS AND HOURS OF OPERATION: (weather permitting)
* November thru March ~ 8 am to 4
pm ~ open 6 days a week from
Tuesday thru Sunday
* April thru October ~ 8 am to 4 pm ~ open 7 days a week
Hours are subject to
change without notice
Call the Main Gate 1-209-962-8615
LOAD SEPARATION
* Slash
Pile – woody debris 6″ in diameter or less
* Compost Pile – leaves and pine needles only
* Horse manure pile for members and staff
LOAD SECURITY
* Loads
must be tied down or covered to prevent spillage in route
* No stumps,
concrete, dirt, metal, plastic, foods, trash or building materials or treated
wood are allowed
BENEFITS TO PMLA MEMBERS
* No fee
charged for delivery
* No limit of trips
for delivery
* Minimal fee for
wood permit to cut and haul away firewood
* Organic compost
available to PMLA members
*Firewood cutting permits are available at the maintenance office Monday – Friday 7:00 am to 2:00 pm
Firewood permits for the compost pile are $20 for 1 week cutting. Cash only please. Permits can be obtained from the Maintenance Office
1-209-962-8612 (call first) for Property Owners and PML renters only.
Slash/yard clippings waste only ~ no plastic bags, household garbage, stumps or construction waste. Do not dump materials outside of the compost area.
Please remember to test your smoke and carbon monoxide detectors once a month and replace any faulty alarms or low batteries immediately.
Lastly, fire safety inspections will continue in Pine Mountain Lake. Remember a fire safe community begins with you! If you would like an inspection of your property, or you are looking to educate yourself more, our fire safety team would love to help. If you have questions or concerns regarding fire safety, you can contact Amanda Birmingham at (209) 990-5263 or email her at inspector@pinemountainlake.com. I can be reached at (209) 990-5260 or Email fsc@pinemountainlake.com.
From the Fringe
Mike Cook, PGA Head Golf Professional
The Golf Shop is open 7 days a week from 7:30am until 6:00pm and our staff and I are here to assist you in any way we can. Please call us if you have any questions or need to make a reservation for golf at 1-209-962-8620.
Upcoming Events Event Date(s)
Ladies 9-Hole Golf Club Weekly Play Day Tuesdays (New Day for 2025)
Ladies 18-Hole Golf Club Weekly Play Day Thursdays
PML Men’s Golf Club Hamburger Tournament Saturday August 2
PML Men’s Golf Club August Sweeps Wednesday August 13
PML Men’s Golf Club Men’s & Ladies Mixer Saturday August 30
Pine Mountain Lake Golf Course Rated #4 in the USA by Golf Pass
Golf Pass is one of the Nation’s leading promoters of the game of golf. Golf Pass brings together the best golf courses, instruction, entertainment, travel information and much more to help golfers enjoy more golf, more often. Each year Golf Pass customer’s rate the Golf Courses that they play and in the latest list of the top 25 Golf Courses in America, Pine Mountain Lake Golf Course is rated #4 in the Country. We are truly blessed with a great Golf Course and thank you Rob Abbott our Golf Course Superintendent and his crew for the wonderful condition of our Hidden Gem.
Men’s Purple/Green Combo Tee Changes
Beginning on July 1, 2025 the following changes will go into effect for the Men’s Purple/Green Combo Tees:
Hole #6 will change from a Purple Tee to a Green Tee.
Hole #10 will change from a Purple Tee to a Green Tee.
Hole #11 will change from a Green Tee to a Purple Tee.
Reasons for the changes:
The men’s and women’s Purple/Green Combo tees have been the same but the women’s par on #6 & #10 is 5 and the men’s par is 4. Moving the men’s tees to the Green Tee on these two holes is warranted due to the difference in par and the length of the holes.
Playing hole #11 from the Green Tee made it necessary to adjust the handicap holes on the back nine due to the 168 -yard shorter distance difference from the Gold Tee. By moving back to the Purple Tee it makes it so we can keep the handicap holes the same for all the tees.
Our new scorecards reflect these changes and the new scorecards have rounded corners so we can easily recognize the new scorecards.
If you have any questions, please call the Golf Shop.
Driving Range
As of August 1, the Driving Range will be open from 7:00am until 5:00pm (Last Ball Hit at 5:00pm).
Golf Services (Lockers, Bag & Push Cart Storage)
If you have a locker, bag storage or push cart storage, please come to the Golf Shop to submit your application for 2025 and make a payment. If you would like to rent a locker or store you bag or push cart, there is space available. Call or come to the Golf Shop for more information or an application.
NEW Pine Mountain Lake Golf Webcam
On the pinemountainlake.com website we now have a live webcam that looks down the 10th hole. Click on the Amenities tab, then go to and click on the 18 Hole Championship Golf Course tab, then scroll down to and click on the Golf Course Webcam. You will be able to see the live conditions at the Golf Course.
Callaway Golf Club Trial Sets
We NOW have the NEW Callaway ELYTE line of clubs available for testing in the Golf Shop. We have trial sets that you can take to the range or out on the Golf Course. For more information, call or come in to the Golf Shop.
We now have the NEW CALLAWAY REVA LADIES trial sets.
Southern Valley Seniors
If you are a PML Property Owner, a Member of the PML Men’s Golf Club and are 50 years of age and above, you qualify to join the PML Southern Valley Seniors (SVS). The SVS play home & away events with other Golf Courses in the Southern Valley, such as Turlock CC, Oakdale CC & Spring Creek CC, to name a few. If you are interested call the Golf Shop and we will put you in touch with the SVS PML Captain.
Punch Cards
Pine Mountain Lake Association Property Owners can save up to $6.00 per round by purchasing a Punch Card in the Golf Shop. There are; 9-Hole & 18-Hole Punch Cards available. For more information call or come into the Golf Shop.
NEW Pine Mountain Lake Property Owners
If you are a new Pine Mountain Lake Property Owner and you are interested in getting acquainted with other Property Owners who play golf, call the Golf Shop 1-209-962-8620 and we will let you know what golfing groups you may be able to join or what golf activities are planned for the year.
Men’s & Ladies Golf Clubs
If you are interested in joining the Men’s or Ladies Golf Clubs, you can call the Golf Shop 1-209-962-8620 and we will give you the information you need. Applications are available in the Golf Shop. The Men’s Club has a website (www.pmlmgc.com) that you can visit to sign-up online for your membership (see Men’s Club eligibility rules) or to print an application. Once you are a Men’s Club Member, you can sign-up for tournaments online.
Property Owner Annual Golf Cart Rental Agreement
Every person who drives a golf cart on the course, is required to sign a golf cart rental agreement at the time of registration, before they can drive a golf cart. PML Property Owners sign the agreement one-time and that covers the entire year. If you have not signed your agreement you can go to the PML website (www.pinemountainlake.com) and fill it out and sign online or you will be asked to sign the form when you register in the Golf Shop. Click on amenities, then click on golf and you will see the agreement with other forms available. If you have any questions, please call the Golf Shop 1-209-962-8620.
Care of the Golf Course
TAKING CARE OF THE GOLF COURSE IS EVERYONE’S RESPONSIBILITY; PLEASE DO YOUR PART!
Replacing Divots – PML is a DIVOT FIRST facility; that means that if the divot is intact or even a portion of the divot is intact, we want you to replace the divot first and press the divot down firmly with your foot. When an intact divot is replaced, it will begin to root right away but a mulch filled divot will take weeks to fill in. If the divot hole is not totally filled in by the divot that you replaced then fill the rest of the hole with mulch and press down the divot firmly with your foot. If the divot is not intact, then fill the divot hole with mulch and smooth the mulch with your foot so it is level with the ground.
Repairing Ball Marks – This is one of the major negatives in our great game; players either do not know how to repair ball marks correctly or don’t even attempt to repair them. Here is the correct way to repair a ball mark:
Insert the divot tool just outside the edge of the ball mark, use the divot tool to mend in the outside portion if the ball mark towards the middle. Then use you putter to tap down the repaired turf. If a ball mark is repaired properly, you will not even be able to tell that there was a ball mark. NEVER PULL UP THE MIDDLE OF THE BALL MARK.
Raking Bunkers – We are back to normal procedures concerning bunkers; PLEASE make sure that you rake the bunker after you have hit your shot.
Golf Carts – Driving golf carts on the fairways has a negative effect on turf conditions over time. PLEASE use the 90-degree rule posted in each golf cart in order to minimize the cart traffic on the fairways.
Tee to Green
Rob Abbott – Golf Course Superintendent
Every year I hear statements that we cannot wait for winter to allow things to dry out! I certainly agree that areas become saturated and at times to wet. The course that is wet in the mornings typically is just perfect by the afternoon and without proper water the “spots” of turf or localized dry spots would wilt to the point of no return. Not only are these spots unsightly and not healthy the area then can fill in with weeds. That is why we spot fertilize, spot aerate and use a wetting agent and top-dress to improve the ability to wet the soil.
We have multiple types of turf throughout the course. Most are considered cool season grasses that need more water when it gets 85 degrees and above and then the Bermuda grass which loves the heat requires less water. Trying to irrigate these varieties with one sprinkler head at the bottom of a hill or in a swale you begin to see that it is not as easy as it would appear to maintain 1730 sprinkler run times. Then you get three days of above 95 degrees and then it drops 10 degrees and you have more challenges to keep those areas playable. We observe and get feedback from our operators and membership at times. Any and all information is appreciated to maintain over 70 acres of turf.
I would also like to mention our maintenance crew and thank them for all the effort they give. We have ten full time staff members, including myself and our mechanic. We also have two seasonal staffers that work from spring into late fall, one of which is the one and only Alan MacDonald. Next time you see them on the course give them a wave and know that they are always trying to make your golfing experience a pleasant one.
Please remember to repair your ball mark!
Please observe the 90-degree rule.
